When we claim that a false statement is true or that a true statement is false, this is a moral wrong, called lying. But if we refuse to draw the proper conclusion of a valid argument, I do not know of a similar verb in English, a word that will make clear the ethical nature of such bad reasoning. But that it can be an ethical issue seems undeniable. This appears to be the failing of the Jewish leaders in John 5:39-40, who refused to accept that Jesus was the Christ, and of those who suppress the truth in unrighteousness in Romans 1, who are said to be “without understanding.”